| 21-March-2022 |
1.5 hours |
ntroduction to Database Differences between data and information. FileBased file system Limitations of the file-based system Database Management systems. DDL & DML(Introduction) History of Database Management System. Advantages & Disadvantages of Database systems. |
Students will be introduced to the course outline. Lecture 1 student will learn What a database is, the difference between data and information. With examples, students will get to know the various types of databases, and why they are valuable assets for decision making. The importance of database design. How modern databases evolved from file systems |
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1.5 hours |
Data Models Views Components of DBMS Environment Roles in Databases |
Students will learn the most important advantage of using a database and understand the flaws in the file management system. The main components of the database system. The main functions of a database management system (DBMS). Students will understand the Need for DBMS today and the role of the database in daily life. Pros and cons of database systems. |
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| 28-March-2022 |
1.5 hours |
The Three-Level ANSI-SPARC Architecture External Level, Conceptual, Internal Level. Schemas, Mapping, and instances Data Independence Database Languages Functions of a DBMS |
Students will learn Three-Level architecture, this framework is used to describe the structure of a specific database system. The three-schema architecture is also used to separate the user applications and physical database. |
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1.5 hours |
Components of a DBMS Multi-User DBMS Architecture Teleprocessing FileServer Architectures Traditional Two-Tier Client-Server Architecture ThreeTier Client-Server Architecture Transaction Processing Monitors |
Understand the concept of schema and mapping, how actually data maps on the database. Discuss different database languages and functions of DBMS Discuss different DBMS Architecture and their comparison. |
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| 4-April-2022 |
1.5 hours |
Relationship Types Degree of Relationship Types Recursive Relationship Attributes Simple and composite Attributes Single-Valued and Multi-Valued Attributes Derived Attributes |
From Lecture 1,2 students who understand what is data know will learn how data is represented in the database. Learn what is entities, attributes, and different types of attributes. Solved multiple examples identifying entities, attributes, and relationships between different entities. |
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1.5 hours |
Strong and Weak Entity Types Attributes on Relationship Structural Constraints One-toOne (1:1) Relationships Oneto-Many (1:*) Relationships Many-to-Many (*:*) Relationships Multiplicity for Complex Relationships Cardinality and Participation Constraints |
The purpose of this exercise is to get students to know how they store data in a form of entities and attributes in an SQL server to create a database. Students will present their findings in class this week and solve examples related to identifying entities and their attributes and identifying the relationship between entities and cardinality constraints between them. |
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| 11-April-2022 |
1.5 hours |
Introduction to Relational Database Model A Logic View of Data Characteristics of a Relational Table |
Students will learn the relational database model, which is used to organizes data into tables that can be linked or related, based on data common to each. They will learn how to develop a database that models some real-world system. students recall entities and attributes that involve breaking the realworld system into tables and fields and determining how the tables relate to each other. Lecture 3 concepts used for making a table. Students will learn the Keys concept in databases to uniquely identify the table |
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1.5 hours |
Types of Keys, Relational Database keys. Integrity Rules Views Updating Views |
In the relational model, keys are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable. They are also used to establish relationships among tables and to ensure the integrity of the data. Therefore, a proper understanding of the concept and use of keys in the relational model is very important. The keys role is based on a concept known as determination, when the statement" A determines B" indicates that if you know the value of attribute A, you can loop up (determine) the value of attribute B, for example as in table student Students will learn the Views in database systems. Views are used for security purposes because they provide encapsulation of the name of the table. Data is in the virtual table, not stored permanently. Views display only selected data. |
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| 18-April-2022 |
1.5 hours |
In the relational model, keys are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable. They are also used to establish relationships among tables and to ensure the integrity of the data. Therefore, a proper understanding of the concept and use of keys in the relational model is very important. The keys role is based on a concept known as determination, when the statement" A determines B" indicates that if you know the value of attribute A, you can loop up (determine) the value of attribute B, for example as in table student Students will learn the Views in database systems. Views are used for security purposes because they provide encapsulation of the name of the table. Data is in the virtual table, not stored permanently. Views display only selected data. |
Students will create schemas that are ERD and EERD. The Extended Entity-Relationship (EER) model is a conceptual (or semantic) data model, capable of describing the data requirements for a new information system in a direct and easy-tounderstand graphical notation. Data requirements for a database are described in terms of a conceptual schema, using the EER model.Students will create schemas that are ERD and EERD. The Extended Entity-Relationship (EER) model is a conceptual (or semantic) data model, capable of describing the data requirements for a new information system in a direct and easy-to-understand graphical notation. Data requirements for a database are described in terms of a conceptual schema, using the EER model |
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1.5 hours |
Inheritance Subtype Discriminator The Extended Entity-Relationship Mode |
All concepts learn in lecture 1,2,3,4 were used here to create ERD and EERD diagrams. Make a model that will map in the database. The concept of data gathering, entities, attributes, keys, and the relationship between entities were used to create a schema. Introduced with the tool called Microsoft Visio and students will make ERD diagrams using this tool. Students will submit multiple Assignments/ examples during these weeks. |
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| 25-April-2022 |
1.5 hours |
Introduction to SQL Objectives of SQL History of SQL Importance of SQL Terminology Writing SQL Commands Data Manipulation |
Students will learn the programming language used that is SQL. Understand basic concepts of how a database stores information via tables. Understanding of SQL syntax used with MySQL. Learn how to retrieve and manipulate data from one or more tables. Be able to write SQL statements that edit existing data. Be able to write SQL statements that create database objects. Understand the structure and design of relational databases. Understand the importance and major issues of database security and the maintenance of data integrity. |
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1.5 hours |
Simple Queries Sorting Results (ORDER BY Clause) Using the SQL Aggregate Functions Grouping Results (GROUP BY Clause) Subqueries ANY and ALL Multi-Table Queries EXISTS and NOT EXISTS Combining Result Tables |
This lecture will make them understand how data is stored in the database and how we get data from a database by writing SQL queries. The tool used for Database creation is SQL Server and Installation of SQL server in this lecture. Students will present the Idea of the project. |
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| 2-May-2022 |
1.5 hours |
The Relational Algebra Unary Operations Set Operations |
Students will learn Relational Algebra that is a procedural query language, which takes instances of relations as input and yields instances of relations as output. It uses operators to perform queries. They accept relations as their input and yield relations as their output. |
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1.5 hours |
Join Operations Division Operation Aggregation and Grouping Operations Summary of the Relational Algebra Operations |
Relational algebra is very important for several reasons: 1. it provides a formal foundation for relational model operations. 2. It is used as a basis for implementing and optimizing queries in the query processing and optimization modules that are integral parts of relational database management systems (RDBMSs) 3. some of its concepts are incorporated into the SQL standard query language for RDBMSs. Students will be able to write relational algebra queries. |
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| 9-May-2022 |
1 Hour |
Mid Term |
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| 16-May-2022 |
1.5 hours |
Cartesian /Cross Product , Joins |
Lecture 8 of Relational Algebra continues with the cartesian product that is Produces a relation that has the attributes of R1 and R2 and includes as tuples, all possible combinations of tuples from R1 and R2. concept of JOIN operation that allows joining variously related tuples from different relations. |
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1.5 hours |
Types of Joins (Natural, theta, outer joins) Query trees Translating relational algebra to query trees |
Students will learn query tree or sometimes it is known as a query evaluation tree or query execution tree. A query tree is a tree data structure that corresponds to a relational algebra expression. It represents the input relations of the query as leaf nodes of the tree and represents the relational algebra operations as internal nodes. |
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| 23-May-2022 |
1.5 hours |
Normalization Its Purpose (to remove redundancy) Anomalies related to Normalization Normal Forms |
Students will learn the concept of normalization, which is the process of structuring a relational database following a series of so-called normal forms to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. By learning normalization makes sure that all of your data looks and reads the same way across all records. |
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1.5 hours |
Conversion to First Normal Form Conversion to Second Normal Form |
Learn different types of Normal forms. Normalize the data up to 2NF.Conversion to Third Normal Form Higher-Level Normal Forms Fourth Normal Form(4NF) Normalization and Database Design Normalization Practice |
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| 30-May-2022 |
1.5 hours |
Conversion to Third Normal Form Higher-Level Normal Forms Fourth Normal Form(4NF) |
Students will learn 3NF and 4NF, 5th NF. Normalize the data up to 4NF. |
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1.5 hours |
Normalization and Database Design Normalization Practice |
Students will submit an Assignment given to them related to normalization |
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| 6-June-2022 |
1.5 hours |
Introduction to SQL Objectives of SQL History of SQL Importance of SQL Terminology Writing SQL Commands Data Manipulation Simple Queries Sorting Results(ORDER BY Clause) |
Sql Queries has been implemented in Lab, Practice all. |
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1.5 hours |
Using the SQL Aggregate Functions Grouping Results (GROUP BY Clause) Subqueries ANY and ALL Multi-Table Queries EXISTS and NOT EXISTS Combining Result Tables |
Sql Aggregation functions has been practice in Lab with the Lab task. |
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| 13-June-2022 |
1.5 hours |
The Relational Algebra Unary Operations Set Operations Join Operations Division Operation |
The Relation Algebra helps students to understand the sql syntax. its a basics of sql language before its relational algebra has been used for data retrieval. |
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1.5 hours |
Aggregation and Grouping Operations Summary of the Relational Algebra Operation |
when we need to retrieve data from multiple tables aggregation and grouping queries has been used. |
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| 20-June-2022 |
1.5 hours |
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1.5 hours |
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| 27-June-2022 |
1.5 hours |
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1.5 hours |
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| 4-July-2022 |
1.5 hours |
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1.5 hours |
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| 11-July-2022 |
2 Hour |
Final Term |
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